πήγνυμι

πήγνυμι

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: to fix, to stick, to join, to congeal or to coagulate' (Il.).

Other forms: Dor. Aeol. πάγ-, also -ύω (X., Arist.), πήσσω, -ττω (hell.), aor. πῆξαι (ἔπηκτο Λ 378; Schwyzer 751; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 383), pass. παγῆναι, πηχθῆ-ναι, fut. πήξω, perf. act. intr. πέπηγα (all Il.), trans. plqu. ἐπεπήχεσαν (D. C.), midd. πέπηγμαι (D. H., Arr.).

Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἐν-, συν-, κατα-, παρα-. Compounds: πηγεσί-μαλλος `dense of wool' (Γ 197; -εσι- prob. only enlarging, Schwyzer 444 w. n. 4); -πηξ, e.g. in ἀντί-πηξ, -γος f. `kind of chest' (E.; Bergson Eranos 58, 12 ff.); ναυ-πηγ-ός m. `shipbuilder' (Att. etc.); -πηγ-ής and -παγ-ής, e.g. εὑ-πηγ-ής. εὑ-παγ-ής `well built' (φ 334, Pl.), περιπηγ-ής `frozen around' (Nic.); συμπαγ-ής `put together' (Pl.).

Derivatives: A. From the full grade : 1. πηγός `solid, dense, strong' (ep. poet. I 124), prob. prop, `fixing' (cf. Schwyzer 459, Chantraine Form. 13); second. `white', also `black' (late poetry; wrongly concluded from Hom., Kretschmer Glotta 31, 95ff., Leumann Hom. Wörter 214 n. 8, to it also Reiter Die griech. Bez. der Farben weiß, grau und braun 74 f.). 2. πηγάς, -άδος f. `hoar-frost, rime' (Hes.); 3. πηγυλίς f. `frosty, icecold' (ξ 476, A. R.), `hoar-frost, rime' (AP a.o.). 3. πῆγμα (διά-, παρά-, σύμ-, πρόσ- πήγνυμι a.o.) n. `smth. joint together, stage, scaffold etc.' (Hp., hell.; coni. ap. A. Ag. 1198), -μάτιον (Ph., Procl.); 4. πῆξις (σύμ-, ἔκ-, ἔμ- πήγνυμι a.o.) f. `fixing, fastening, coagulation' (Hp., Arist.); πήγνυσις f. `id.' (Ps.-Thales). 5. πηκτός, Dor. πᾱκ- (κατά-, σύμ-, εὔ- πήγνυμι a.o.) `solid etc.' (in Att.); πηκτή f. `set up net, framework' (Ar., Arist.), πακτά f. `fresh cheese' (Theoc. a.o.; cf. Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 47); ἐμπήκτης m. `one who sticks up (the Athen. judicial notes)' (Arist.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 74); πηκτίς (Dor. Aeol. πακ-), -ίδος f. name of a Lydian harp (IA.); πηκτικός (ἐκ- πήγνυμι ) `making coagulate, congeal' (Thphr.. Dsc.). 6. πηγετός m. = παγ- (D. P.). -- B. From the zero grade: πάγος, -ετός, -ερός, πάγη, πάξ, πάχνη, s. vv. (not πάσσαλος); also πάγιος `stout, solid' (Pl., Arist.) and παγεύς m. `pedestal' (Hero). Further also πᾰκ-τός in καταπακ-τός, (Hdt.) and πακτό-ω (ἐπι-, ἐμ- πήγνυμι) `to fix' (IA.; πακτός for trad. πηκτός in Hom.?; Wackernagel Unt. 11 f.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [787] *peh₂g- `make fest, fix together'

Etymology: Beside the νυ-present πήγ-νυ-μι (with second. full grade) stands in Latin and Germ. a zero grade formation with nasalinfix: Lat. pa-n-g-ō `consolidate, fix together' (on the semant. agreement between Greek and Lat. Schulze KZ 57, 297 = Kl. Schr. 217), Germ., e.g. Goth. fahan, OHG fāhan from PGerm. *fa-n-χ-an (IE *paḱ- beside *paǵ-) `fasten, catch'. An analogous pair is ζεύγ-νυ-μι: iu-n-g-ō. Also the reduplicated perfekt πέ-πηγ-α has a formal agreement in Lat. pe-pig-ī with zero grade as in opt. πεπαγοίην (Eup.). Phonet. identical are further πηγός and pāgus m. `district, village'; also, with secondary full grade, πηκτός and com-pāctus, πῆξις and com-pācti-ō. The original zero grade is in πακτός and păctus (sum, beside păciscor) retained. Zero grade also, without direct connection with the Greek formations πάγος etc., in Germ., e.g. OS fac n. `encompassing frontier, NHG Fach. -- An aspirated byform Meillet finds BSL 36, 110 in Arm. p'akem `close, shut off'. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 2 f., Pok. 787f., W.-Hofmann s. pangō and pacīscō. (Not here πήγανον.)

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